Accordingly, different behaviours appear to require different levels of coordination.
#Prey 1.3.9 free#
For example, although higher coordination between the left and right leg is desirable during normal walking, if one leg is encumbered by an obstacle, a momentary decrease in coordination (more independent motion of the left and right leg) allows the encumbered leg to free itself while the other leg maintains stride. In its technical sense, higher coordination is not always advantageous. For example, human patients who have lost all sensation (proprioception and touch) in their arm have trouble coordinating motion at different joints during reaching tasks, illustrating the need for the neural system to receive sensory input to maintain proper timing of muscle activity. Rather, the neural system must integrate sensory information, system dynamic properties and motor commands to link the state of one or more effectors to that of one or more other effectors.
Because environmental interactions are often unpredictable, the neural system cannot coordinate motion simply by issuing consistently timed motor commands. However, in its technical sense ‘coordination’ refers to the strength of correlated motion among different body parts owing to active, neural processes, typically measured using cross-correlation or continuous relative phase (CRP). In its colloquial use ‘coordinated’ may describe someone who is adept at a particular task or sport. Our results demonstrate the benefits of both higher and lower coordination in animal behaviours and the potential of motion analysis to elucidate motor tasks.Ĭentral to the diversity of animal movements, including those of humans, is the coordinated motion of multiple components of the musculoskeletal system. We speculate that capture is more coordinated to create a single fluid flow into the mouth while transport is less coordinated so that the cranial elements can independently generate multiple flows to reposition prey. We found no significant difference in coordination between low- and high-speed motions. We found that motions were significantly more coordinated (by 20–29%) during prey capture than during prey transport, supporting the hypothesis that the nature of the task determines coordination patterns.
We used a dataset of intracranial motions at five cranial joints in channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus), collected using X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology, to test whether speed or task best explained patterns of coordination. Suction-feeding fishes have highly kinetic skulls and must coordinate the motions of over a dozen skeletal elements to draw fluid and prey into the mouth. An alternative hypothesis is that the nature of the behavioural task determines patterns of coordination. One hypothesis is that speed determines coordination patterns as a result of differences in voluntary versus involuntary control. Different behaviours exhibit different patterns of coordination, however, it remains unclear what general principles determine the coordination pattern for a particular behaviour. When animals move they must coordinate motion among multiple parts of the musculoskeletal system.
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